Colonization Mississippi River
a home on mississippi (1871)
following britain s victory in 7 years war mississippi became border between british , spanish empires. treaty of paris (1763) gave great britain rights land east of mississippi , spain rights land west of mississippi. spain ceded florida britain regain cuba, british occupied during war. britain divided territory east , west florida.
article 8 of treaty of paris (1783) states, navigation of river mississippi, source ocean, shall forever remain free , open subjects of great britain , citizens of united states . treaty, ended american revolutionary war, britain ceded west florida spain regain bahamas, spain had occupied during war. in 1800, under duress napoleon of france, spain ceded undefined portion of west florida france. when france sold louisiana territory u.s. in 1803, dispute arose again between spain , u.s. on parts of west florida had spain ceded france, in turn decide parts of west florida u.s. property versus spanish property. these aspirations ended when spain pressured signing pinckney s treaty in 1795.
france reacquired louisiana spain in secret treaty of san ildefonso in 1800. united states secured effective control of river when bought louisiana territory france in louisiana purchase of 1803. last serious european challenge u.s. control of river came @ conclusion of war of 1812 when british forces mounted attack on new orleans – attack repulsed american army under command of general andrew jackson.
in treaty of 1818, u.s. , great britain agreed fix border running lake of woods rocky mountains along 49th parallel north. in effect, u.s. ceded northwestern extremity of mississippi basin british in exchange southern portion of red river basin.
so many settlers traveled westward through mississippi river basin, settled in it, zadok cramer wrote guide book called navigator, detailing features , dangers , navigable waterways of area. popular updated , expanded through 12 editions on period of 25 years.
shifting sand bars made navigation difficult.
the colonization of area barely slowed 3 earthquakes in 1811 , 1812, estimated @ approximately 8 on richter magnitude scale, centered near new madrid, missouri.
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