Effect on Indigenous people of Australia Makassan contact with Australia

1 effect on indigenous people of australia

1.1 trade
1.2 health
1.3 economic
1.4 language
1.5 religion

effect on indigenous people of australia

a female figure outlined in beeswax on painting of white macassan prau

the makassar contact aborigines had significant effect on culture. ganter writes cultural imprint on yolngu people of contact everywhere: in language, in art, in stories, in cuisine. according anthropologist john bradley monash university, contact between 2 groups success: traded together. fair - there no racial judgement, no race policy. 21st century, shared history between 2 peoples still celebrated aboriginal communities in northern australia period of mutual trust , respect.

others have studied period have come different conclusion regarding relationship between aboriginal people , visiting trepangers. anthropologist ian mcintosh has said initial effects of contact macassan fishermen resulted in turmoil extent of islamic influence being noteworthy. in paper mcintosh concludes, strife, poverty , domination.. unrecorded legacy of contact between aborigines , indonesians. report prepared history department of australian national university says macassans appear have been welcomed initially, relations deteriorated when, aborigines began feel being exploited.. leading violence on both sides .

trade

studies anthropologists have found traditions indicate makassans negotiated right fish waters. exchange involved trade of cloth, tobacco, metal axes , knives, rice , gin. yolgnu of arnhem land traded turtle-shell, pearls , cypress pine , employed trepangers. while there ample evidence of peaceful contact, contact hostile. using daeng rangka described @ least 1 violent confrontation aborigines, while flinders heard advice makassans beware of natives . however, rock art , bark paintings appear confirm aboriginal workers willingly accompanied makassar homeland of south sulawesi, indonesia across arafura sea. women occasional items of exchange according denise russell, views , experiences have not been recorded. after visiting groote eylandt in 1930s, anthropologist donald thomson speculated traditional seclusion of women strange men , use of portable bark screens may have been result of contact macassans .

health

it possible smallpox introduced northern australia via makassan contact in 1820s. remains unproven first fleet smallpox spreading across australia sydney cove. prevalence of hereditary machado-joseph disease in groote eylandt community has been attributed outside contact. recent genetic studies showed groote eylandt families mjd shared haplogroup families taiwanese, indian, , japanese families.

economic

some yolngu communities of arnhem land appear have re-figured economies being largely land-based largely sea-based introduction of makassar technologies such dug-out canoes, highly prized. these seaworthy boats, unlike traditional bark canoes, allowed yolngu fish ocean dugongs , turtles. macknight notes both dug-out canoe , shovel-nosed spear found in arnhem land based on macassarese prototypes.

language

a makassan pidgin became lingua franca along north coast, not between makassan , aboriginal people, between different aboriginal groups, brought greater contact each other seafaring makassar culture. words makassarese language (related javanese , indonesian) can still found in aboriginal language varieties of north coast; examples include rupiah (money), jama (work), , balanda (white person), came makassar language via malay orang belanda (dutch person).

religion

regina ganter , peta stephenson, drawing on work of ian mcintosh (2000), argue aspects of islam creatively adapted yolngu, , muslim references survive in ceremonies , dreaming stories today. stephenson speculates makassans may have been first bring islam australia.

according anthropologist john bradley monash university, if go north-east arnhem land there [a trace of islam] in song, there in painting, there in dance, there in funeral rituals. patently obvious there borrowed items. linguistic analysis well, re hearing hymns allah, or @ least prayers allah.

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