Book X. Chapter 9: The need for education, habituation and good laws Nicomachean Ethics

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young spartans exercising edgar degas (1834-1917). aristotle approved of how spartan law focused upon up-bringing.


finally, aristotle repeats discussion of ethics has not reached aim if has no effect in practice. theories not enough. however, practice of virtue requires education , habituation age in community. young people otherwise not ever experience highest forms of pleasure , distracted easiest ones. while parents attempt this, critical there laws in community. concerning need laws , education aristotle says there has been problem, seeking address: unlike in case of medical science, theoreticians of happiness , teachers of virtue such sophists never have practical experience themselves, whereas parents , lawmakers have never theorized , developed scientific approach analyzing best laws are. furthermore, few lawmakers, perhaps spartans, have made education focus of law making, should. education needs more medicine, both practice , theory, , requires new approach studying politics. such study should, says, in communities laws not , parents need try create right habits in young people without right lawmakers.


aristotle closes nicomachean ethics therefore announcing programme of study in politics, including collecting of studies of different constitutions, , results of programme assumed contained in work exists today , known politics.








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