Development History of rapid transit

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the budapest m1, @ end of tunnel @ heroes square, @ inauguration year in 1896


before plans made transit systems underground tunnels , stations, several railway operators had used tunnels freight , passenger trains, reduce grade of railway line. examples include trevithick s tunnel 1804, built penydarren locomotive, 1829 crown street tunnel @ liverpool , 1.13 mile (1,811 meters) long 1836 lime street tunnel @ liverpool, part of still used today making world s oldest used tunnel.


the first urban underground railway metropolitan railway, began operations on january 10, 1863. built largely in shallow cut , cover tunnels , part of london underground. worked steam trains, , despite creation of numerous vents, unhealthy , uncomfortable passengers , operating staff. nevertheless, trains popular start , metropolitan railway , competing metropolitan district railway developed inner circle around central london (completed in 1884) , extensive system of suburban branches northwest (extending adjoining countryside), west, southwest , east (mostly completed 1904).


electrification

the first electrified underground urban railway, city & south london railway, opened in 1890, in deep tubular tunnels, leading term tube , became synonymous london underground. planned cable-hauled, company contracted supply cable-haulage technology went bankrupt. railway company s parliamentary act prohibited use of steam power. led railway company consider brand-new technology of electric traction. operated locomotive-hauled trains 3 carriages, without windows, because thought passengers not need know if in tunnels.


the uk s elevated railway opened in 1893 in liverpool. liverpool overhead railway world s fourth metro , world s first formed elevated railway run electric trains start. lor pioneered electric multiple units of 3 car trains. automatic , electric light signals first railway. presence of el helped liverpool earn nickname britain s north american city . lor demolished in 1957 liverpool today served partially underground urban rail network known merseyrail.


a major breakthrough in development of modern electrically driven rapid transit occurred when american inventor frank j. sprague tested system of multiple-unit train control (mutc) on south side elevated railroad (now part of chicago l ) in 1897. mutc, allowed motors in entire train dependably controlled single point, freed rapid transit systems dependence on locomotive-hauled coaches.








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