Achaemenid period Aramaic alphabet

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stele dedicatory lapidary aramaic inscription god salm. sandstone, 5th century bc. found in tayma charles huber in 1884 , in louvre.


for centuries after fall of achaemenid empire in 331 bc, imperial aramaic, or near enough recognisable, remain influence on various native iranian languages. aramaic script survive essential characteristics of iranian pahlavi writing system.


30 aramaic documents bactria have been discovered, analysis of published in november 2006. texts, rendered on leather, reflect use of aramaic in 4th century bc in persian achaemenid administration of bactria , sogdiana.


the widespread usage of achaemenid aramaic in middle east led gradual adoption of aramaic alphabet writing hebrew. formerly, hebrew had been written using alphabet closer in form of phoenician, paleo-hebrew alphabet.


aramaic-derived scripts

since evolution of aramaic alphabet out of phoenician 1 gradual process, division of world s alphabets ones derived phoenician 1 directly , ones derived phoenician via aramaic artificial. in general, alphabets of mediterranean region (anatolia, greece, italy) classified phoenician-derived, adapted around 8th century bc, , of east (the levant, persia, central asia , india) considered aramaic-derived, adapted around 6th century bc imperial aramaic script of achaemenid empire.


after fall of achaemenid empire, unity of imperial aramaic script lost, diversifying number of descendant cursives.


the hebrew , nabataean alphabets, stood roman era, little changed in style imperial aramaic alphabet.


a cursive hebrew variant developed centuries ad, remained restricted status of variant used alongside noncursive. contrast, cursive developed out of nabataean alphabet in same period became standard writing arabic, evolving arabic alphabet stood time of spread of islam.


the development of cursive versions of aramaic led creation of syriac, palmyrene , mandaic alphabets, formed basis of historical scripts of central asia, such sogdian , mongolian alphabets.


the old turkic script considered have ultimate origins in aramaic, in particular via pahlavi or sogdian alphabets, suggested v. thomsen, or possibly via karosthi (cf., issyk inscription).


aramaic considered source of brahmi script, ancestor of brahmic family of scripts, includes devanagari.








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