Importance to industrial and quality management Common cause and special cause (statistics)

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a special-cause failure failure can corrected changing component or process, whereas common-cause failure equivalent noise in system , specific actions cannot made prevent failure.


harry alpert observed:



a riot occurs in prison. officials , sociologists turn out detailed report prison, full explanation of why , how happened here, ignoring fact causes common majority of prisons, , riot have happened anywhere.

the quote recognises there temptation react extreme outcome , see significant, causes common many situations , distinctive circumstances surrounding occurrence, results of mere chance. such behaviour has many implications within management, leading ad-hoc interventions merely increase level of variation , frequency of undesirable outcomes.


deming , shewhart both advocated control chart means of managing business process in economically efficient manner.







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