Books VIII and IX: Friendship and partnership Nicomachean Ethics

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aristotle says speculations (for example whether love comes attractions between things) not germane discussion, , divides aims of friendships or love 3 types—each giving feelings of go in 2 directions:



utility or usefulness
pleasure
the pursuit of good

two inferior other because of motive: friendships of utility , pleasure not regard friends people, can give in return.


friendships of utility relationships formed without regard other person @ all. these friendships classed family ties of hospitality foreigners, types of friendships aristotle associates older people. such friends not interested in being together, , relationships broken off when cease useful.


at next level, friendships of pleasure based on fleeting emotions , associated young people. however, while such friends together, such friendships end whenever people no longer enjoy shared activity, or can no longer participate in together.


friendships based upon perfect form of friendship, both friends enjoy each other s virtue. long both friends keep virtuous characters, relationship endure , pleasant , useful , both parties, since motive behind care friend themselves, , not else. such relationships rare, because people rare, , bad people not take pleasure in each other.


aristotle suggests although word friend used in these different ways, perhaps best friendships of pleasure , usefulness analogous real friendships. possible @ least in case of people friends pleasure familiarity lead better type of friendship, friends learn admire each other s characters.


book ix , last sections of book viii turn question of how friends , partners should reward each other , treat each other, whether in money or honor or pleasure. can complex because parties may not equals. aristotle notes type of friendship hurt complaints of unfairness of utility , reminds objects , personal relationships friendship concerned appear [...] same sphere of justice. , transactions of friends utility require use of written laws. furthermore, associations , friendships part of greater community, polis, , different relationships can compared different types of constitution, according same classification system aristotle explains in politics (monarchy, tyranny, aristocracy, oligarchy, timocracy, , democracy).








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