Later systems History of rapid transit

1 later systems

1.1 europe
1.2 americas
1.3 asia
1.4 africa
1.5 oceania

later systems
europe

krasnye vorota station of moscow metro

the interwar period saw first metros established @ periphery of continent: madrid metro opened on october 17, 1919 under direction of compañía de metro alfonso xiii. metro stations served air raid shelters during spanish civil war. today, madrid s subway 1 of longest systems in world. barcelona metro followed in 1924.

the first underground in ussr (in russian метрополитен metropoliten or метро metro) opened in 1935 in moscow. first line, between sokolniki , park kul tury, 11.2 km long. 2 of first stations, krasnye vorota , mayakovskaya, awarded grand prix @ 1937 , 1939 world s fairs in paris , new york. moscow metro 1 of elaborately decorated undergrounds of world, stations (especially built in joseph stalin epoch) being called underground palaces. of 2014, moscow metro has 325 kilometers of railways , 194 stations , 1 of busiest metros in world. in russia , other republics of former soviet union whole, subways opened in saint petersburg (1955), kiev (1960), tbilisi (1966), baku (1967), kharkov (1975), tashkent (1977), yerevan (1981), minsk (1984), nizhniy novgorod (1985), novosibirsk (1986), samara (1987), yekaterinburg (1991), dnipro (1995), kazan (2005) , underfunded, slow construction in other cities. in volgograd , kryvyi rih in 1980s metrotram opened – runs underground, along common city trams.

in 1959, metro system opened in lisbon, called metropolitano de lisboa. first underground rail system in portuguese-speaking world.

in 1980, second underground metro system in england, named tyne , wear metro, opened serve newcastle-upon-tyne.

after stagnation in late 20th century, many new european metros built in medium-sized cities in spain, france , italy. of these new systems driverless , rubber-tired.

the americas

the toronto subway opened in 1954. 1 experimental trainset used first aluminum subway cars, reduced weight , therefore operating costs. next car order in 1963, aluminum used. new cars, @ 75 feet/23 m, @ time longest in world. montreal metro, second subway system in canada , opened in 1966 part of expo 67 held in montreal.

in brazil, first underground opened in 1974 in são paulo, , carries 4 million passengers on average weekday part of metrô. part of consists of converted older railways; of stations dating 1880s. underground lines have been built in rio de janeiro, belo horizonte, recife, porto alegre , in federal district, serving federal capital brasília , immediate surroundings.

metro de santiago metro system serving santiago, capital of republic of chile. network of 5 lines total of 85 stations, , south american rubber tired metro.

medellín, colombia served 1 of few profitable metro systems in world. operated metro de medellin company, carries less 500,000 passengers day. system operates on elevated infrastructure in downtown area , on-level parallel river. construction of system had astronomical cost overrun lead large public debt.

bay area rapid transit (bart) in san francisco bay area , capital s washington metro in washington, d.c. opened in 1972 , 1976 respectively, part of changing attitudes towards transportation in united states, leading subway , lrt systems opening in many cities had done without.

cairo metro

the completed underground heavy rail metro line in north america lacmta red line in los angeles, goes union station in downtown los angeles north hollywood in san fernando valley. construction started in 1986 , completed in 2000. in autumn 2005, several politicians including los angeles mayor antonio villaraigosa indicated desire complete conceived subway route along wilshire boulevard west los angeles , santa monica. phase 1 la cienega blvd has been approved.

asia

a tokyo subway train emerges tunnel commuter-rail train boards passengers @ ochanomizu station.

asia s first cities have subway lines tokyo in 1927 , osaka in 1933. other major japanese cities subway systems yokohama, sapporo, kobe, kyoto, fukuoka, , sendai.

the first of many china s metro systems, beijing subway, began operation in 1969, on trial operations until 1981. other major cities completed rapid transit systems in following years: tianjin (1984), shanghai (1993), guangzhou (1997), wuhan (2004), shenzhen (2004). near sixty cities have or planning rapid transit systems , new chinese metro systems opening every year.

the mtr of hong kong

in 1979, hong kong s subway line, mtr, began operations. has 9 lines, including 4 run underneath victoria harbour. 1982, british section of kowloon-canton railway, known later kcr east rail , mtr s east rail line, started provide metro-like service electrification completed. in 2007 merger of kcr line mtr system completed.

india s oldest metro in kolkata, started in 1984, followed elevated rapid transit system chennai mrts. cities delhi, mumbai, bengaluru, chennai built metros after that. in june 2017 kochi metro in central kerala became operational. other cities nagpur, pune , hyderabad constructing metros. patna , other cities have hired engineers , civil planners plan locations of future metro lines.

since 1974, number of cities in south korea have developed modern , extensive subway systems, first lines converting existing heavy railway lines. largest, seoul, has twelve lines on approximately 314 km of track. busan, daegu, incheon, daejeon , gwangju have subway systems. seoul , incheon connected metro.

pyongyang in communist north korea notably has adorned , deep metro non-geographical names of stations (unique in world) , built serve bomb shelter in case of war.

1987 saw opening mass rapid transit in singapore. world s first heavy rail system feature platform screen doors on underground stations. network has 5 lines 3 more lines planned open 2030.

in 1996, taiwan opened first metro system in taipei. second metro system opened in kaohsiung in 2008.

iran built first metro network in tehran in 1999, second being in mashad, finished in 2011. 5 more networks in other persian cities completed in next years.

in mecca, saudi arabia, 20 km first line of ground , elevated metro system completed in 2011. total of 5 metro lines long trains planned carry mass of pilgrims religious sites. 2 similar ground metros under construction in riyadh (capital) , jeddah (economic capital).

in 2009 uae built elevated metro in dubai become 1 of modern in world , followed metros in abu dhabi , sharjah.

africa

cairo first african city metro system (opened 1987), partly converted railway line. under development. second african metro opened in algiers in november 2011. tunis has modern tram system referred metro despite not being rapid transit. pretoria, lagos , other african cities have plans build rapid transit networks.

oceania

while australian capital cities have commuter rail rapid-transit services, sydney first australian city have rapid transit metro network. first section of sydney metro scheduled open in 2019.