Key Help:IPA/English

^ in varieties flapping, /t/ , /d/ between vowel , unstressed or word-initial vowel may pronounced tap [ɾ], making words latter , ladder homophonous. dictionaries (such noad) transcribe instances ⟨d⟩, ⟨d⟩, or ⟨t̬⟩, not distinguished /t/ or /d/ in notation system. in varieties, sequence /nt/ in same environment may realized nasalized tap [ɾ̃], may sound similar or identical /n/. not distinguished on wikipedia.
^ affricates /tʃ, dʒ/ more correctly written ligature ties: /t͡ʃ, d͡ʒ/. ties not included in transcriptions on wikipedia because not display correctly in browsers.
^ if 2 characters ⟨ɡ⟩ , ⟨⟩ not match , if first looks ⟨γ⟩, have issue default font. see help:ipa § rendering issues.
^ phoneme /hw/ not distinguished /w/ in many dialects wine–whine merger, such rp , varieties of general american. more information on sound, see voiceless labialized velar approximant.
^ ipa value of letter ⟨j⟩ counter-intuitive many english speakers. however, occur sound in few english words: besides hallelujah, there fjord, jägermeister , jarlsberg cheese.
^ /l/ in syllable coda, in words all, cold, or bottle, pronounced [o], [u], [w] or similar sound in many dialects through l-vocalization.
^ in varieties of english, /r/ pronounced approximant [ɹ]. although ipa symbol [r] represents trill, /r/ used instead of /ɹ/ in broad transcriptions of english.
^ number of english words, such genre , garage, may pronounced either /ʒ/ or /dʒ/.
^ in dialects, /x/ replaced /k/ in words, including loch. replaced /h/ in words, such chanukah.
^ /ɒ̃, æ̃/ found in french loanwords , replaced vowel , nasal consonant: bon vivant /ˌbɒn viːˈvɑːnt/, ensemble /ɑːnˈsɑːmbəl/, croissant /ˈkwæs.ɑːŋ/.
^ in non-rhotic accents rp, /r/ not pronounced unless followed vowel. in wikipedia articles, /ɪər/ etc. may not distinguished /ɪr/ etc. these should fixed correspond chart here.
^ /ɒ/ not distinguished /ɑː/ in dialects father–bother merger such general american.
^ regions, such new york city , philadelphia, separate 2 phonemes, /æ/ , /eǝ/, vowel in crash may closer in mail in cat. in other dialects, such general american, 2 sounds allophones. see /æ/ tensing.
^ in regions, [æŋ] or [æɡ] pronounced [eŋ] or [eɪŋ], [eɡ] or [eɪɡ], in rang , rag closer ai in rain in rat.
^ /ær/ pronounced same /ɛr/ (as in merry) in accents mary–marry–merry merger.
^ many speakers, example in of canada , of united states, have different vowel in price , ride, , different vowel in mouth , loud . generally, [aɪ] or [aʊ] used @ ends of words , before voiced sounds, in ride, pie, loud, how, while [ʌɪ] or [ʌʊ] used before voiceless sounds, in price , mouth. because /t/ , /d/ conflated in middle of words in these dialects, derivatives of these words, such rider , writer, may distinguished vowel: [ˈɹaɪɾɚ], [ˈɹʌɪɾɚ]. however, though value of /aɪ/ or /aʊ/ not predictable in words, such spider [ˈspʌɪɾɚ], dictionaries not record it, has not been allocated separate transcription here.
^ speakers pronounce higher, flower, layer (stratum) , mayor 2 syllables, , hire, flour, lair , mare one. others pronounce them same.
^ /ɛ/ transcribed /e/ many dictionaries.
^ /ɛər/ pronounced same /ɛr/ (as in merry) in accents mary–marry–merry merger. transcribed /eə/ british dictionaries , /er/ american ones. oed uses /ɛː/ bre , /ɛ(ə)r/ ame, oxford online dictionaries apparently use /er/ ame despite having /e(ə)r/ in key pronunciations.
^ /ɪər/ pronounced same /ɪr/ in accents mirror–nearer merger.
^ /oʊ/ transcribed /əʊ/ in received pronunciation.
^ /ɔː/ not distinguished /ɒ/ (except before /r/) in dialects cot–caught merger such many varieties of general american.
^ conservative dialects make distinction between vowels in horse , hoarse, number of speakers make distinction longer small , many dictionaries not differentiate between them (horse–hoarse merger). vowel in hoarse formerly represented /ɔər/ on wikipedia, represented /ɔːr/, identical horse.
^ /ʊər/ not distinguished /ɔːr/ in dialects cure–force merger, including many younger speakers. in england, merger may not consistent , may apply more common words. in conservative rp , northern england english /ʊər/ more commonly preserved in modern rp , southern england english. in australia , new zealand, /ʊər/ not exist separate phoneme , replaced either sequence /uː.ər/ (/uːr/ before vowels within same word, save compounds) or monophthong /ɔːr/.
^ in dialects yod dropping, /juː/ pronounced same /uː/ after coronal consonants (/t/, /d/, /s/, /z/, /n/, /θ/, , /l/) in same syllable, dew /djuː/ pronounced same /duː/. in dialects yod coalescence, /tj/ , /dj/ merge /tʃ/ , /dʒ/, first syllable in tuesday pronounced same choose. in dialects /sj/ , /zj/ affected , merge /ʃ/ , /ʒ/.
^ some, particularly american, dictionaries notate /ʌ/ same symbol /ə/, found in unstressed syllables, , distinguish /ə/ stress mark preceding it. note although ⟨ʌ⟩, ipa symbol open-mid vowel, used, typical modern pronunciation rather close near-open central vowel [ɐ] in both received pronunciation , general american.
^ /ʌ/ not used in dialects of northern half of england, bordering parts of wales, , broad eastern ireland accents. these words take /ʊ/ vowel: there no foot–strut split.
^ in received pronunciation, /ɜːr/ pronounced lengthened schwa, [əː]. in general american, phonetically identical /ər/. dictionaries therefore use ⟨əː, ər⟩ instead of conventional notations ⟨ɜː, ɜr⟩. when ⟨ər⟩ used /ɜːr/, distinguished /ər/ stress mark preceding it.
^ /ʌr/ not distinguished /ɜːr/ in dialects hurry–furry merger such varieties of general american.
^ /i/ pronounced [i] in dialects happy tensing , [ɪ] in others. british convention used transcribe ⟨ɪ⟩, oed , other influential dictionaries converted ⟨i⟩.
^ arguable there no phonemic distinction in english between primary , secondary stress, conventional notate them here.
^ full vowels following stressed syllable, such ship in battleship, marked secondary stress in dictionaries (merriam-webster), not in others (the oed).
^ syllable divisions not marked, ipa dot . may used when wished make explicit division between syllables (or may be) made.

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