Preparation and design Three-dollar piece

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longacre s initials jbl on cutoff of bust on obverse


representations of america female native american, or indian princess, dated 16th century; cartographers place native woman, wearing feathered headdress, upon version of north american continent. evolved image of indian queen, indian princess, , although columbia came favored female embodiment of united states, image of indian princess survives in popular view of such figures pocahontas , sacagawea.


some sources suggest longacre may have based features of liberty on of daughter, sarah. story more associated longacre s indian head cent, features of liberty on both coins (and type gold dollar, double eagle, , three-cent nickel piece) identical. distinguish new coin quarter eagle or $2.50 piece, longacre used thinner planchet, or blank, make piece greater in diameter. flattened planchet of gold dollar enlarge it, , gave same indian princess design. reverse originates longacre s agricultural wreath of corn, tobacco, cotton, , wheat appear on gold dollar, flying eagle cent, , revised reverse seated liberty dime , half dime. blended produce of south , north @ time of intersectional tension. numismatist walter hagans deems wreathed reverse uniquely american indian maiden on obverse.


art historian cornelius vermeule stated 1 area in longacre gave free rein imagination in matter of fancy headdress renderings of liberty. caps of feathers, bonnets of freedom, , starry diadems joy behold. nevertheless, vermeule disliked figure on obverse, princess of gold coins banknote engraver s elegant version of folk art of 1850s. plumes or feathers more crest of prince of wales saw western frontier, save perhaps on music hall beauty.


at time of authorization of three-dollar piece, whig administration of millard fillmore still in office, 2 weeks later, fillmore succeeded democrat franklin pierce, , mint director george n. eckert yielded place thomas m. pettit. longacre submitted 2 designs pettit, , before latter died on may 31, 1853, selected 1 of two; relief models followed approval. longacre s models, both obverse , reverse, did not have lettering on them, legends , numbers punched once reduction made. allowed them used multiple times different denominations. longacre busy reduced-weight silver coins ordered congress in same act had authorized three-dollar piece, work on dies did not begin until 1854.





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