Biology, chemistry, and biomedical science List of Japanese inventions and discoveries

image surgical casebook (kishitsu geryō zukan) hanaoka seishu



agar
agar discovered in japan around 1658 mino tarōzaemon.


aspergillus oryzae
the genome aspergillus oryzae sequenced , released consortium of japanese biotechnology companies, in late 2005.


crispr
yoshizumi ishino discovered crispr in 1987.


ephedrine synthesis
ephedrine in natural form, known má huáng (麻黄) in traditional chinese medicine, had been documented in china since han dynasty. however, not until 1885 chemical synthesis of ephedrine first accomplished japanese organic chemist nagai nagayoshi.


epinephrine (adrenaline)
japanese chemist jokichi takamine , assistant keizo uenaka first discovered epinephrine in 1900. in 1901 takamine isolated , purified hormone adrenal glands of sheep , oxen.


esophagogastroduodenoscope
mutsuo sugiura japanese engineer famous being first develop gastro-camera (a present-day esophagogastroduodenoscope). story illustrated in nhk tv documentary feature, project x: challengers: development of gastro-camera wholly made in japan . sugiura graduated tokyo polytechnic university in 1938 , joined olympus corporation. while working @ company, first developed esophagogastroduodenoscope in 1950.


frontier molecular orbital theory
kenichi fukui developed , published paper on frontier molecular orbital theory in 1952.


general anesthesia
hanaoka seishū first surgeon in world used general anaesthesia in surgery, in 1804, , dared operate on cancers of breast , oropharynx, remove necrotic bone, , perform amputations of extremities in japan.


immunoglobulin e (ige)
immunoglobulin e type of antibody found in mammals. ige simultaneously discovered in 1966-7 2 independent groups: kimishige ishizaka s team @ children s asthma research institute , hospital in denver, colorado, , gunnar johansson , hans bennich in uppsala, sweden. joint paper published in april 1969.


induced pluripotent stem cell
the induced pluripotent stem cell (ipscs) kind of pluripotent stem cell can created using mature cell. ipscs technology developed shinya yamanaka , lab workers in 2006.


methamphetamine


chemical structure of methamphetamine.



methamphetamine first synthesized ephedrine in japan in 1894 chemist nagayoshi nagai. n 1919, methamphetamine hydrochloride synthesized pharmacologist akira ogata.


okazaki fragment
okazaki fragments short, newly synthesized dna fragments formed on lagging template strand during dna replication. complementary lagging template strand, forming short double-stranded dna sections. series of experiments led discovery of okazaki fragments. experiments conducted during 1960s reiji okazaki, tsuneko okazaki, kiwako sakabe, , colleagues during research on dna replication of escherichia coli. in 1966, kiwako sakabe , reiji okazaki first showed dna replication discontinuous process involving fragments. fragments further investigated researchers , colleagues through research including study on bacteriophage dna replication in escherichia coli.


photocatalysis
akira fujishima discovered photocatalysis occurring on surface of titanium dioxide in 1967.


portable electrocardiograph
taro takemi built first portable electrocardiograph in 1937.


statin
the statin class of drugs first discovered akira endo, japanese biochemist working pharmaceutical company sankyo. mevastatin first discovered member of statin class.


takadiastase
a form of diastase results growth, development , nutrition of distinct microscopic fungus known aspergillus oryzae. jokichi takamine developed method first used extraction in late 19th century.


thiamine (vitamin b1)
thiamine first of water-soluble vitamins described, leading discovery of more such trace compounds essential survival , notion of vitamin. not until 1884 kanehiro takaki (1849-1920) attributed beriberi insufficient nitrogen intake (protein deficiency). in 1910, japanese scientist umetaro suzuki succeeded in extracting water-soluble complex of micronutrients rice bran , named aberic acid. published discovery in japanese scientific journal. polish biochemist kazimierz funk later proposed complex named vitamine (a portmanteau of vital amine ) in 1912.


urushiol
urushiol, mixture of alkyl catechols, discovered rikou majima. majima discovered urushiol allergen gave members of toxicodendron genus, such poison ivy , poison oak, skin-irritating properties.


vectorcardiography
taro takemi invented vectorcardiograph in 1939.




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