Vocalisations Australian magpie

-








one of australia s highly regarded songbirds, australian magpie has wide variety of calls, many of complex. pitch may vary on 4 octaves, , bird can mimic on 35 species of native , introduced bird species, dogs , horses. magpies have been noted mimic human speech when living in close proximity humans. complex, musical, warbling call 1 of familiar australian bird sounds. in denis glover s poem magpies , mature magpie s call described quardle oodle ardle wardle doodle, 1 of famous lines in new zealand poetry, , waddle giggle gargle paddle poodle, in children s book waddle giggle gargle pamela allen.


when alone, magpie may make quiet musical warbling; these complex melodious warbles or subsongs pitched @ 2–4 khz , not carry long distances. these songs have been recorded 70 minutes in duration , more frequent after end of breeding season. pairs of magpies take loud musical calling known carolling advertise or defend territory; 1 bird initiates call second (and more) joining in. preceded warbling, carolling pitched between 6 , 8 khz , has 4–5 elements slurring indistinct noise in between. birds adopt specific posture tilting heads back, expanding chests, , moving wings backwards. group of magpies sing short repetitive version of carolling before dawn (dawn song), , @ twilight after sundown (dusk song), in winter , spring.


fledgling , juvenile magpies emit repeated short , loud (80 db), high-pitched (8 khz) begging call. magpies may indulge in beak-clapping warn other species of birds. employ several high pitched (8–10 khz) alarm or rallying calls when intruders or threats spotted. distinct calls have been recorded approach of eagles , monitor lizards.








Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Prosodic bootstrapping Bootstrapping (linguistics)

-
1 prosodic bootstrapping 1.1 prosodic cues syntactic structure 1.2 prosodic cues clauses , phrases 1.3 criticism prosodic bootstrapping even before infants can comprehend word meaning, prosodic details assist them in discovering syntactic boundaries. prosodic bootstrapping or phonological bootstrapping investigates how prosodic information — includes stress, rhythm, intonation, pitch, pausing, dialectal features — can assist child in discovering grammatical structure of language or acquiring. in general, prosody introduces features reflect either attributes of speaker or of utterance type. speaker attributes include emotional state, presence of irony or sarcasm. utterance-level attributes used mark questions, statements, , commands, , can used mark contrast. prosodic features associated speaker: emotional state, irony, sarcasm prosodic features associate utterance type: question, statement, command, contrast similarly, in sign language, prosody includes facial expression, mouthing, , r...
Read more

Principal leitmotifs Music of The Lord of the Rings film series

-
1 principal leitmotifs 1.1 first appearance in fellowship of ring 1.2 first appearance in 2 towers 1.3 first appearance in return of king 1.4 reprised themes hobbit 1.5 themes of hobbit principal leitmotifs howard shore s composition not carry motifs on either other scores of career or passages of existing film or stage music, exception of 1 intentional nod richard wagner on end-credits of third film. shore wrote long series of interrelated leitmotifs used, developed, combined or fragmented throughout 3 scores. motifs attached places, cultures, characters, objects , occurrences. while stage , film composers deviated meaning of themes , used them romantically (i.e. suggestion of mood) shore refrains using technique. several pieces feature intriguing thematic choices choosing history of 1 ring theme passage of argonath or ringwraith theme orc armies in prologue (and again azog in hobbit) neither outright romantic in application , can explained. history of ring being main theme o...
Read more

Particle swarm optimization .28Kennedy .26 Eberhart 1995.29 List of metaphor-based metaheuristics

-
particle swarm optimization (pso) computational method optimizes problem iteratively trying improve candidate solution regard given measure of quality. solves problem having population of candidate solutions, here dubbed particles, , moving these particles around in search-space according simple mathematical formulae on particle s position , velocity. each particle s movement influenced local best known position, guided toward best known positions in search-space, updated better positions found other particles. expected move swarm toward best solutions. pso attributed kennedy, eberhart , shi , first intended simulating social behaviour, stylized representation of movement of organisms in bird flock or fish school. algorithm simplified , observed performing optimization. book kennedy , eberhart describes many philosophical aspects of pso , swarm intelligence. extensive survey of pso applications made poli. recently, comprehensive review on theoretical , experimental works on pso has bee...
Read more