Iconography Gajasurasamhara

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a rare instance iconographical treatises followed



texts

according iconographical treatise amshumadbhedagama, gajasurasamhara-shiva dancing inside skin of slain elephant, arranged prabhamandala (aureole) around him. tail pips behind shiva s crown , left leg on head of elephant, while right 1 bent , raised above left thigh (utkutikasana posture). shiva wears silk , tiger skin garments , various ornament , deep red in colour. may depicted 4 or 8 armed. in four-armed image, shiva holds pasha (noose) in 1 of right hands , elephant tusk in left arm; other arms hold outstretched skin of elephant. in eight-armed form, holds trishula (trident), damaru (drum), pasha , elephant skin in right arms, while 1 of left hands makes vismaya mudra (sign of astonishment) , others hold kapala (skullcup), tusk , skin of elephant. eight-armed form in same text holds trishula, sword, tusk , elephant skin in left arms , kapala, shield, ghanta (bell) , elephant skin in right ones. on left side of shiva, consort parvati should stand son skanda in arms, both trembling in fear of fierce aspect of shiva.


the suprabhedagama prescribes ten-armed gajasurasamhara should hold akshamala (rosary), sword, shaktyayudha (power-weapon), danda (staff), trishula in right hands , khatvanga (skull-staff), snake, skull, shield , deer in left.



depictions

in sculpture, gajasurasamhara pictured 8 or sixteen arms. these multiple arms uncommon in shiva s iconography , exclusively used in combative forms. in such multiple-armed images, shiva may carry various attributes trishula, damaru, sword, kapala, pasha, deer, ankusha (goad), vajra (thunderbolt), arrow, gada (mace), khatavanga, tanka (a chisel-like weapon), bow, snake, elephant s tusk , akshamala. hands may held in suchihasta mudra (gesture draw or point out attention) or vismaya mudra. @ least, 2 arms hold elephant skin around body.



gajasurasamhara, belur, karnataka


gajasurasamhara shown wearing jatamukuta (matted hair crown), jatamandala (braided hair spreading head, forming circle around it) , garlands of skulls. jatamukuta may embedded skulls , durddhura flowers, while jatamandala may adored shival s usual attributes such snake , crescent moon. face fearsome round rolling eyes , protruding fangs.


pal describes gajasurasamhara dynamic of Śaiva (related shiva) themes created south indian sculptors. body of shiva emphasized in posture convey vigorous dance. in images karnataka, shiva s right leg on elephant head , left leg lifted above suggest dancing. in chola sculptures in valuvur , darasuram images, right leg rests on elephant s head , left leg bent , raised above right thigh (utkutikasana posture). in both configurations, description in iconographical treatises left leg rests on elephant s head ignored.


gajasurasamhara depicted parvati side. terrorized skanda, looking @ shiva in fear , tightly clinging her. deviating iconographical treatises in both of them described terrified, images depict calm parvati, reassuring frightened son, symbolized abhayamudra ( fear-not ) gesture made hand. in other portrayals, gajasurasamhara accompanied parvati, son ganesha, attendant ganas nandi , bhringi, various deities , musicians playing musical instruments , skeletal goblin attendants.








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