Patent trials James Watt

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a steam engine built james watt s patent in 1848 @ freiberg in germany


edward bull started constructing engines boulton , watt in cornwall in 1781. 1792 had started making engines of own design, contained separate condenser, , infringed watt s patents. 2 brothers, jabez carter hornblower , jonathan hornblower jnr started build engines same time. others began modify newcomen engines adding condenser, , mine owners in cornwall became convinced watt s patent not enforced. started withhold payments due boulton , watt, 1795 had fallen. of total £21,000 (equivalent £1,990,000 of 2016) owed, £2,500 had been received. watt forced go court enforce claims.


he first sued bull in 1793. jury found watt, question of whether or not original specification of patent valid left trial. in meantime, injunctions issued against infringers, forcing payments of royalties placed in escrow. trial on determining validity of specifications held in following year inconclusive, injunctions remained in force , infringers, except jonathan hornblower, began settle cases. hornblower brought trial , verdict of 4 judges (in 1799) decisively in favour of watt. friend john wilkinson, had solved problem of boring accurate cylinder, particularly grievous case. had erected twenty engines without boulton s , watts knowledge. agreed settle infringement in 1796. boulton , watt never collected owed them, disputes settled directly between parties or through arbitration. these trials extremely costly in both money , time, successful firm.








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