Europe 2 History of rapid transit

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krasnye vorota station of moscow metro


the interwar period saw first metros established @ periphery of continent: madrid metro opened on october 17, 1919 under direction of compañía de metro alfonso xiii. metro stations served air raid shelters during spanish civil war. today, madrid s subway 1 of longest systems in world. barcelona metro followed in 1924.


the first underground in ussr (in russian метрополитен metropoliten or метро metro) opened in 1935 in moscow. first line, between sokolniki , park kul tury, 11.2 km long. 2 of first stations, krasnye vorota , mayakovskaya, awarded grand prix @ 1937 , 1939 world s fairs in paris , new york. moscow metro 1 of elaborately decorated undergrounds of world, stations (especially built in joseph stalin epoch) being called underground palaces. of 2014, moscow metro has 325 kilometers of railways , 194 stations , 1 of busiest metros in world. in russia , other republics of former soviet union whole, subways opened in saint petersburg (1955), kiev (1960), tbilisi (1966), baku (1967), kharkov (1975), tashkent (1977), yerevan (1981), minsk (1984), nizhniy novgorod (1985), novosibirsk (1986), samara (1987), yekaterinburg (1991), dnipro (1995), kazan (2005) , underfunded, slow construction in other cities. in volgograd , kryvyi rih in 1980s metrotram opened – runs underground, along common city trams.


in 1959, metro system opened in lisbon, called metropolitano de lisboa. first underground rail system in portuguese-speaking world.


in 1980, second underground metro system in england, named tyne , wear metro, opened serve newcastle-upon-tyne.


after stagnation in late 20th century, many new european metros built in medium-sized cities in spain, france , italy. of these new systems driverless , rubber-tired.







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