Europe List of national founders

1 europe

1.1  albania
1.2  bosnia , herzegovina
1.3  bulgaria
1.4  croatia
1.5  czech republic
1.6  france
1.7  germany
1.8  greece

1.8.1 ancient
1.8.2 modern


1.9  hungary
1.10  ireland
1.11  italy

1.11.1 before 1861
1.11.2 modern italy


1.12  macedonia
1.13  montenegro
1.14  netherlands
1.15  norway
1.16  poland
1.17  portugal
1.18  romania
1.19  russian federation
1.20  san marino
1.21  serbia
1.22  slovakia
1.23  slovenia
1.24  spain
1.25  sweden
1.26   switzerland
1.27  ukraine
1.28  united kingdom

europe
 albania

skanderbeg prominent historical figure in history of albania , of albanian people. fought against ottoman empire during apex (the time of sultans murad ii , mehmed ii) , maintained independence 25 years (1443–68) until death. national hero of albanians.
ismail qemali distinguished leader of albanian national movement @ beginning of 20th century, founder of modern albanian state in 1912, , first head of state , government.

 bosnia , herzegovina

alija izetbegović, war-time president of bosnia, deemed national founder of modern bosniaks.

 bulgaria

kubrat ruler of old great bulgaria in 632. son asparukh migrated balkans , established first bulgarian empire in 681. modern day bulgaria direct successor of state. asparukh s brother kotrag migrated north , founded volga bulgaria. mythical rulers of bulgaria exist before them, dating far 3rd millennium bc.

 croatia

franjo tuđman, first president of republic of croatia 1990–99. self-proclaimed father of nation .

 czech republic

václav klaus czech prominent politician, later president, agreed on dissolution of czechoslovakia slovaks. václav havel first president of czech republic (1993–2003). founder of modern czech statehood considered first president of czechoslovakia tomáš garrigue masaryk (1918–1935). kingdom of bohemia formally established in 1198 přemysl ottokar i, patron saint saint wenceslaus, murder celebrated statehood day.

 france

clovis united frankish tribes in gaul , gave them common catholic religion.

napoleon founded french empire. louis-napoléon bonaparte, later known napoleon iii first french president, elected 1848. charles de gaulle hero of french resistance germany during world war ii, , first president of fifth french republic.

 germany

before national unification of germany in 1871, german nationalists sought out multiple legendary founders of german nation, such arminius, charlemagne , - championed friedrich ludwig jahn , richard wagner - henry fowler. otto von bismarck (1815–1898), iron chancellor , engineered unification of numerous states of germany in 1871. modern, democratic germany decisively shaped fathers of basic law in 1948 constitutional convention @ herrenchiemsee, , first german chancellor, konrad adenauer. reunified germany, slogan wir sind das volk! ( people! ) became symbolic, making germans founders of modern germany.

 greece
ancient

hellen, mythical progenitor of greeks, gives name both people , country in greek language.
theseus, semi-legendary founder of athens
solon (594 bc) , cleisthenes (508/7 bc), authors of athenian democratic constitution.
lycurgus of sparta, legendary sparta lawgiver credited establishing city s constitution , way of life
cadmus, legendary founder , first king of thebes.

modern

constantine great, first emperor of eastern roman empire , founder of constantinople, constantine xi palaiologos, last byzantine emperor, , other byzantine figures revered modern greek population, during period between fall of constantinople , foundation of modern state.
adamantios korais, theophilos kairis , other figures of greek enlightenment contributed country s national awakening leading revolution against ottoman empire
rigas feraios, writer , revolutionary remembered national hero , first victim of uprising against ottomans.
emmanuil xanthos, nikolaos skoufas , athanasios tsakalov, founders of filiki eteria
theodoros kolokotronis, georgios karaiskakis, andreas vokos miaoulis, laskarina bouboulina, yannis makriyannis , other military leaders of greek war of independence
alexander ypsilantis, leader of filiki eteria , founder , leader of sacred band
alexandros mavrokordatos, president of first national assembly @ epidaurus, co-author of greek declaration of independence , first provisional constitution , first head of government (president of executive) of modern greece.

 hungary

according anonymus fejedelem made magyars settle carpathian basin in 896 a.d. Árpád. dynasty reigned on hungarian kingdom ninth century until 1301. in hungary stephen of hungary commonly regarded founder of nation. hungary s first king , united magyar people kingdom of hungary. amongst others, lajos kossuth supposed pater patriae. known leader of hungarian revolution of 1848 against habsburgs, , therefore founder of modern hungarian republic.

 ireland

the irish free state established after irish war of independence (1919–21), in Éamon de valera, cathal brugha , michael collins key leaders. however, became antagonists in irish civil war (1922–23), in collins , brugha killed , de valera defeated. decades, inheritors of opposing factions bypassed these sensitivities honour earlier leaders of easter rising of 1916, in particular 7 signatories of proclamation of irish republic: patrick pearse, james connolly, Éamonn ceannt, tom clarke, seán mac diarmada, thomas macdonagh, , joseph plunkett.

 italy
before 1861

caesar augustus organized italia , italicus populus during roman empire.
charlemagne first created kingdom of italy in medieval times.
napoleone bonaparte first use title of president of italian republic.

modern italy

king vittorio emanuele ii, giuseppe garibaldi, prime minister count di cavour , giuseppe mazzini have been referred 4 fathers of fatherland. italy unified in 1861 , rome became capital in 1870.
the members of assemblea costituente (the constituent assembly of 1946–1947) considered fathers of italian republic, replaced monarchy after referendum in 1946. prominent members among them included alcide de gasperi (also counted among founding fathers of european union), communist palmiro togliatti , vittorio emanuele orlando, premier of victory in wwi.

 macedonia

as respected statesmen in macedonia considered metodija andonov-Čento (first president of sr macedonia), nikola karev (president of kruševo republic) , kiro gligorov (first president of independent macedonia). however, often, fathers of nation considered gotse delchev, krste misirkov, georgi pulevski , dimitrija Čupovski , other prominent authors , revolutionaries.

 montenegro

petar petrović-njegoš (1747–1830) acquired de facto independence montenegro ottoman empire , created first montenegrin law in modern era

 netherlands

prince william of orange (1533–1584) or william silent, known father of netherlands. led dutch in revolt against spain independence. today called vader des vaderlands in english means, father of fatherland.

 norway

king harald fairhair, unified norway , ruled c. 872–930, considered founder of nation.

usually norwegian constituent assembly @ eidsvoll in 1814, consisting of 112 men of country, in norway referred eidsvoll men or fathers of constitution.

einar henry gerhardsen (born 10. may 1897 in asker einar henry olsen, dead 19. september 1987) norwegian politician represented labor party. norway s prime minister 1945 1951, 1955 1963 , 1963 1965. in norway, gerhardsen known landsfaderen – father of country , , referred 1 of main architects behind norwegian welfare state emerged after world war ii.

 poland

mieszko of poland

mieszko (ca. 920/45–25 may 992), first historical ruler of poland, mieszko considered de facto creator of polish state. duke of polans 960 until death. mieszko s marriage in 965 přemyslid princess dobrawa , baptism in 966 put him , country in cultural sphere of western christianity. according existing sources, mieszko wise politician, talented military leader , charismatic ruler. used diplomacy, concluding alliance bohemia first, , sweden , holy roman empire. in foreign policy, placed interests of country foremost, entering agreements former enemies. on death, left sons country of expanded territory, well-established position in europe. mieszko appeared dagome in papal document 1085, called dagome iudex , mentions gift or dedication of mieszko s land pope (the act took place hundred years earlier).

 portugal

viriathus important leader of lusitanian people resisted roman expansion western hispania or iberia (as greeks called it). today viriathus regarded national hero , enduring symbol of portuguese nationality , independence, portrayed artists , celebrated people throughout centuries.
henry of burgundy (1066–1112), appointed count of portugal reward military services kingdom of león, , purpose of expanding territory southwards. and, more importantly, son, count afonso of portugal (1109–1185), templar brother took control of county after henry died , recognized holy see, in 1179, first king of portugal, through manifestis probatum bull.

 romania

decebalus , trajan considered fathers of romanian people, roman veterans settled on present-day territory of romania following trajan s dacian wars.
michael brave first romanian prince rule on traditional romanian provinces (wallachia, moldavia , transylvania) in personal union, albeit briefly.
alexandru ioan cuza elected first leader of modern romanian state. presided on wallachia , moldavia in personal union, later became permanent though forced abdicate.

 russian federation

boris yeltsin first president of russian federation.

 san marino

saint marinus founder of world s oldest surviving republic, san marino, in 301. tradition holds stonemason trade came island of rab on other side of adriatic sea (modern croatia), fleeing persecution christian beliefs in diocletianic persecution.

 serbia

stefan nemanja, grand prince of serbia (r. 1166–1196). serbian church, under st. sava, depicted nemanja founder of serbia.
karađorđe, grand leader (1804–1813), liberator of serbia, organizer , leader of serbian revolution.

the honorific father of fatherland (Отац Отаџбине) has been given saint sava, karađorđe, , miloš obrenović, latter having been given national assembly during lifetime.

 slovakia

vladimír mečiar main proponent of slovak independence in year 1993. has served prime minister until 1998, when narrowly lost election.

many slovaks see great moravia ancestors, make mojmír founder.

 slovenia

france bučar slovenian politician, legal expert , author. between 1990 , 1992, served first chairman of freely elected slovenian parliament. 1 formally declare independence of slovenia on 25 june 1991. considered 1 of founders of slovenian democracy , independence. considered, peter jambrek, main author of current slovenian constitution. jože pučnik president of demos , 1 of main persons in slovenian fight independence. largest slovenian airport named letališče jožeta pučnika (jože pučnik airport). lojze peterle first prime minister of slovenia , milan kučan first president.

 spain

catholic monarchs in 15th century responsible unification of spain, both coming noble house of trastámara. charles v, holy roman emperor (1500–1558) first monarch of spanish empire.

 sweden

while sweden had existed monarchy of sorts long before time, birger jarl, father of , regent valdemar, king of sweden, can said have established sweden nation. birger jarl in years 1248–66.

gustav of sweden, secured sweden s independence denmark in 1523, considered father of nation.

  switzerland

both anonymous eidgenossen drew federal charter of 1291, or liberal statesmen helped found modern swiss confederation in 1848 can considered founders of switzerland. among latter, became first members of swiss federal council perhaps notable: ulrich ochsenbein, jakob stämpfli, jonas furrer, josef munzinger, henri druey, friedrich frey-herosé, wilhelm matthias naeff , stefano franscini.

 ukraine

mykhailo hrushevsky president central council of ukraine people s republic.

leonid kravchuk first president of ukraine elected in 1991.

 united kingdom

as uk formed on many years, founders did not live @ same time each other. include: humphrey wingfield, speaker of english house of commons in 1535, @ time of england s union wales; john smith , james ogilvy, 4th earl of findlater, speakers of english , scottish parliaments in 1707, when acts of union united scotland , england; henry addington , john fitzgibbon, leaders of british , irish parliaments @ time of acts of union 1801, uniting great britain , ireland; , prime minister david lloyd george , colonial secretary winston churchill, both signed anglo-irish treaty, allowed of ireland leave u.k. , become irish free state.

northern ireland had been established in may 1921, having been created in government of ireland act in december 1920. act guided through british house of commons sir hamar greenwood, m.p., chief secretary ireland @ time. northern ireland had been created @ insistence of both captain sir james craig , sir edward carson, ulster unionist leaders.